DRINAL

Lactation Anaphylactic shock Hypovolemic shock Diabetes

Child under 15 years of age Pregnancy Digestive haemorrhage Hypercalcaemia Hypokalaemia Severe renal impairment Patients on beta-blocker Intravenous patient Sports Elderly.

Mechanism of action

Adrenaline is a naturally secreted catecholamine by adrenal medullo in response to exhaustion or stress.

It is a sympathomimetic direct action amine, having effects on both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors and having complex effects on the target organs.

It is the drug of choice to combat allergic or idiopathic hypersensitivity reactions and exercise-induced anaphylaxis.

Adrenaline has a significant alpha-adrenergic vasoconstrictive action.

It helps to control vasodilatation and excess vascular permeability responsible for intravascular fluid loss and hypotension, which are predominant pharmacotoxic symptoms of anaphylaxis shock.

By its stimulating action of beta-adrenergic bronchial receptors, adrenaline causes powerful bronchodilatation reducing respiratory wheezing and dyspnoea.

Adrenaline also reduces the erythropo-associated adrenergic trait.

• Hyperglycaemia Hypokalaemia Hypersudation Palor Asthenia (Common)
• Weakness Metabolic acidosis
• Mydriase Feeling dizzy (Common)
• Vertigo Concern (Common)
• Aggressiveness Hallucination
• Agitation Psychosis Psychosis (aggravation)
• Paranoid reaction Panic attack Suicidal ideation
• Temporospatial disorientation Insomnia Anxiety Nervousness Sinus tachycardia Palpitation
• Myocardial infarction Tachycardia Arrhythmia Peripheral vasoconstriction Ventricular arrhythmia
• Syncope Angor Ventricular fibrillation Hot flash Cardiac arrest Hypertension Electrocardiogram anomaly
• Cooling of the ends Vomiting Nausea Muscle trembling Parkinsonian syndrome (aggravation)
• Headache Memory Disorder Trembling Brain haemorrhage Respiratory disorder Dyspnoea
• Bronchospasm Apnea Urinary retention Dysuria Renal Vasospasm.